Star Wars Day | |
---|---|
Fan-made animated logo, dedicated to StarWars Day | |
Observed by | Star Wars fans |
Type | Secular |
Significance | Celebrating Star Wars |
Date | May 4 |
Frequency | Annual |
First time | 2011 |
Related to | Geek Pride Day |
Star Wars Day, May4, celebrates George Lucas' Star Wars. It is observed by fans of the media franchise. Observance of the commemorative day spread quickly through media and grassroots celebrations.[1][2]
The date was chosen for the pun on the catchphrase 'May the Force be with you' as 'May the Fourth be with you'. Even though the holiday was not created or declared by Lucasfilm, many Star Wars fans across the world have chosen to celebrate the holiday.[3] It has since been embraced by Lucasfilm and parent company Disney as an annual celebration of Star Wars.
History[edit]
Apocryphally, the reference was first used on May 4, 1979, the day Margaret Thatcher took office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. An online news article from the Danish public broadcaster says her political party, the Conservatives, placed a congratulatory advertisement in The London Evening News, saying 'May the Fourth Be with You, Maggie. Congratulations.'[4]
The saying was used in a UK Parliament defence debate on May 4, 1994.[5]
Astrophysicist and author Jeanne Cavelos used the saying on page 94 of her 1999 book The Science of Star Wars.[6]
In 2008, the first Facebook groups appeared, celebrating Luke Skywalker Day, with the same catchphrase.[7]
In 2011, the first organized celebration of Star Wars Day took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada at the Toronto Underground Cinema. Produced by Sean Ward and Alice Quinn, festivities included an Original Trilogy Trivia Game Show; a costume contest with celebrity judges; and the web's best tribute films, mash-ups, parodies, and remixes on the big screen. The second annual edition took place on Friday, May 4, 2012.[8][9][10]
Fans (even government officials, such as Boris Johnson[11]) have celebrated Star Wars in a variety of ways in social media and on television.
Since 2013, The Walt Disney Company has officially observed the holiday with several Star Wars events and festivities at Disneyland and Walt Disney World.[12][13] Disney had purchased Lucasfilm, including the rights to Star Wars, in late 2012.[14]
Minor League baseball teams such as the Toledo Mud Hens[15] and the Durham Bulls[16] have worn special uniforms as part of Star Wars Day promotions.
On Star Wars Day 2015, astronauts in the International Space Station watched Star Wars.[17]
Also in 2015, the carillon bells inside the Peace Tower on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Canada played 'The Imperial March' theme from Star Wars, among other space-related tunes.[18]
Revenge of the Fifth/Sixth[edit]
Some recognize the following day, May 5, as 'Revenge of the Fifth', a play on Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith and celebrate the Sith Lords and other villainous characters from the Star Wars series rather than the Jedi.[19]
Others celebrate this one day later, on May 6, citing 'Revenge of the Sixth' as a better play on 'Sith'.[20][21][22]
May 25[edit]
The Los Angeles City Council declared May 25, 2007, as Star Wars Day, in honor of the 30th anniversary release date of Star Wars.[23] A separate initiative for observing Geek Pride Day on May 25 is based on the Star Wars connection along with ties to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (Towel Day) and Discworld.[24][25]
References[edit]
- ^Painter, Alicia Gray (May 4, 2009). 'May the Fourth Be With You'. NBCUniversalMedia, LLC. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
- ^'Star Wars day: May the 4th be with you'. My Fox Chattanooga. May 4, 2010. Archived from the original on May 8, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
- ^'Star Wars Day: May the 4th'. Starwars.com. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ^'Danish National Radio on-line news'.
- ^'Hansard, Column 786'. UK Parliament Hansard, Column 784. May 4, 1994.
- ^*Jeanne Cavelos (May 5, 2000). 'The science of Star Wars'. ISBN978-0312263874.
- ^*Dylan Bates (April 30, 2008). 'Luke Skywalker Day: May the Fourth'. Facebook. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
- ^Evan Annett (May 4, 2015). 'Star Wars Day: What's going on today in a galaxy not so far, far away'. The Globe and Mail.
- ^'May the Fourth Be With You'. Global News.
- ^'It's Star Wars Day! May the 4th Be With You'. O.canada.com.
- ^'Boris Johnson's acceptance speech in full'. ITV News. May 5, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
- ^'May the 4th Be with You!'. Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
- ^'May the Fourth Be With You! Two New Star Wars-Themed Character Dining Experiences May 4 – June 15 at Disney's Hollywood Studios'. Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ^'How Disney Bought Lucasfilm—and Its Plans for Star Wars'. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ^'Toledo Mud Hens will wear Chewbacca uniforms for 'Star Wars' weekend'. New York Daily News. April 28, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
- ^Andrew Kenney (March 25, 2014). 'Durham Bulls to dress as R2-D2 from 'Star Wars' on May 4'. The News & Observer. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
- ^Jeffrey Kluger (May 5, 2015). 'A Week on the Space Station: Tacos, 'Star Wars' and Mice'. TIME.com. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ^'Star Wars music played on Parliament Hill carillon bells'. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^Cady Zalben (May 4, 2017). 'A Brief History of 'cady Wars' Celebration May The Fourth'. MTV News.
- ^Levine, Daniel S. (May 6, 2017). 'Revenge of the Sixth 2017: See the Best Funny Sith Memes'. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^'Brainiac wants to get nerdy with you for 'Star Wars' and free comic books – Orange County Register'. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^''A New Hope.' Jon Ossoff backers embrace 'Star Wars' attack ad – Political Insider blog'. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^Jan Perry (May 1, 2007). 'Resolution: Star Wars'. Los Angeles City Council.
- ^Lauren Orsini (May 23, 2013). 'Geek Pride Day Is May 25: Here's How To Celebrate'. Say Media, Inc. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
- ^'Geek Pride Day'. ThinkGeek, Inc. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Further reading[edit]
- 'Star Wars Day: What to do on May 4 (and why)'. CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_Day&oldid=904367387'
(Redirected from List of Star Wars films and television series)
Star Wars films | |
---|---|
Produced by |
|
Based on | Characters created by George Lucas |
Distributed by |
|
1977–present | |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | Total (12 films): $1.308 billion |
Box office | Total (12 films): $9.323 billion |
The Star Wars franchise has spawned multiple films and television series. The franchise started with a film trilogy set in medias res—beginning in the middle of the story—which was later expanded to a trilogy of trilogies. The original trilogy was released between 1977 and 1983, the prequel trilogy between 1999 and 2005, and a sequel trilogy began in 2015.
The first spin-off film produced was a holiday TV special aired in 1978. Two live-action TV films created in the mid-1980s feature the Ewoks. A few theatrical spin-off films have been released, and additional spin-off trilogies have been announced.
- 1Skywalker saga
- 1.1Original trilogy
- 1.2Prequel trilogy
- 1.3Sequel trilogy
- 2Standalone films
- 2.1Animated film
- 2.2Anthology films
- 4Produced for television
- 4.2Ewok films
- 5Technical information
- 6Reception
- 6.3Accolades
- 10References
Skywalker saga[edit]
The Star Wars film series centers around a trilogy of trilogies, colloquially referred to as the 'Skywalker saga',[a][1] which was released beginning with the middle trilogy (Episodes IV, V, VI, 1977–1983), and followed by the prequel (Episodes I, II, III, 1999–2005) and sequel trilogy (Episodes VII, VIII, IX, 2015–2019).[b] Each trilogy centers on a generation of the Force-sensitive Skywalker family. The prequels focus on Anakin Skywalker, the original trilogy on his son Luke, and the sequels on Luke's nephew Kylo Ren.
Prequel trilogyOriginal trilogySequel trilogy
Film | Release date | Director | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 25, 1977 | George Lucas | Gary Kurtz | |||
May 21, 1980 | Irvin Kershner | Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan | George Lucas | ||
May 25, 1983 | Richard Marquand | Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas | Howard Kazanjian | ||
May 19, 1999 | George Lucas | Rick McCallum | |||
May 16, 2002 | George Lucas | George Lucas and Jonathan Hales | George Lucas | ||
May 19, 2005 | George Lucas | ||||
December 18, 2015 | J. J. Abrams | Lawrence Kasdan, J. J. Abrams and Michael Arndt | Kathleen Kennedy, J. J. Abrams and Bryan Burk | ||
December 15, 2017 | Rian Johnson | Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman | |||
December 20, 2019 | J. J. Abrams | J. J. Abrams and Chris Terrio | Kathleen Kennedy, J. J. Abrams and Michelle Rejwan |
The episodic films begin with an opening crawl, accompanied by the main Star Wars theme by John Williams, who composes the scores for each film. The first six films have had retroactive changes made after their initial releases, most notably the original trilogy.
Original trilogy[edit]
A fan cosplays as Darth Vader, the villain of the original trilogy.
Immediately after directing American Graffiti (1973), Lucas wrote a two-page synopsis for the space opera he had been planning, which 20th Century Fox invested in.[2] Lucas expanded his treatment into an overview called The Star Wars,[3] and by 1974, he had written the screenplay's first draft.[4] Lucas negotiated to retain the sequel rights,[5] and cast American Graffiti actor Harrison Ford as Han Solo.[6]
Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977, followed by The Empire Strikes Back on May 21, 1980, and Return of the Jedi on May 25, 1983. The plot of the original trilogy centers on the Galactic Civil War of the Rebel Alliance trying to free the galaxy from the clutches of the Galactic Empire, as well as on Luke Skywalker's quest to become a Jedi.
Episode IV: A New Hope[edit]
The central three characters of the original trilogy were played by Mark Hamill (Luke Skywalker), Harrison Ford (Han Solo), and Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia).
The original Star Wars film opens with a Rebel spaceship being intercepted by the Empire above the desert planet of Tatooine. Aboard, the deadly Imperial agent Darth Vader and his stormtroopers capture Princess Leia Organa, a secret member of the rebellion. Before her capture, Leia makes sure the droid R2-D2 will escape with stolen Imperial blueprints and a holographic message for the Jedi Knight Obi-Wan Kenobi, who has been living in exile on Tatooine. Along with C-3PO, R2-D2 falls under the ownership of Luke Skywalker, a farmboy who has been raised by his aunt and uncle. Luke helps the droids locate Obi-Wan, now a solitary old hermit known as Ben Kenobi. He reveals himself as a friend of Luke's absent father, Anakin Skywalker, who was Obi-Wan's Jedi apprentice until being murdered by Vader. He tells Luke he must also become a Jedi. After discovering his family's homestead has been destroyed by the Empire, they hire the smuggler Han Solo, his Wookieeco-pilotChewbacca and their space freighter, the Millennium Falcon. They discover that Leia's homeworld of Alderaan has been destroyed, and are soon captured by the planet-destroying Death Star. While Obi-Wan disables its tractor beam, Luke and Han rescue the captive Princess Leia. Finally, they deliver the Death Star plans to the Rebel Alliance with the hope of exploiting a weakness.[7]
The first rough draft, titled The Star Wars, introduced 'the Force' and the young hero Luke Starkiller. Annikin [sic] appeared as Luke's father, a wise Jedi knight. The third draft replaced (a deceased) Annikin with Ben Kenobi.[4] Some months later, Lucas had negotiated a contract that gave him rights to two sequels. By 1976, a fourth draft had been prepared for principal photography. The film was titled The Adventures of Luke Starkiller, as taken from the Journal of the Whills, Saga I: The Star Wars. During production, Lucas changed Luke's name to Skywalker and shortened the title to The Star Wars, and finally just Star Wars.[4] At that point, Lucas was not expecting the film to warrant full-scale sequels. The fourth draft of the script underwent subtle changes to become a self-contained story ending with the destruction of the Empire in the Death Star. The intention was that if the film was successful, Lucas could adapt Foster's novels into low-budget sequels.[8] By that point, Lucas had developed a tentative backstory to aid in developing the saga.[9]Star Wars exceeded all expectations. The success of the film and its merchandise sales led Lucas to make Star Wars the basis of an elaborate film serial,[10] and use the profits to finance his filmmaking center, Skywalker Ranch.[11] After the release of the first sequel, the original film was subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope for a rerelease in 1981.[12][13][14]
Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back[edit]
Leigh Brackett wrote the first draft of The Empire Strikes Back.
Set three years after the destruction of the Death Star,[15]The Empire Strikes Back begins with the Empire forcing the Rebel Alliance to evacuate its secret base on Hoth. Instructed by Obi-Wan's spirit, Luke travels to the swamp world of Dagobah to find the exiled Jedi Master Yoda. Luke's Jedi training is interrupted by Vader, who lures him into a trap by capturing Han and Leia at Cloud City, governed by Han's old friend Lando. During a fierce duel, Vader reveals a shocking truth about Luke's father.[16]
Owing to financial concerns, Alan Dean Foster's sequel novel, Splinter of the Mind's Eye (1978), restricted the story to Luke, Leia, and Darth Vader.[17][18] But after the success of the original film, Lucas knew a sequel would be granted a reasonable budget, and hired Leigh Brackett to write it from scratch. She finished a draft by early 1978, but died of cancer before Lucas was able discuss changes he wanted made to it.[19] His disappointment with the first draft may have made him consider new directions.[20] Lucas penned the next draft, the first screenplay to feature episodic numbering for a Star Wars story.[21] Lucas found this draft enjoyable to write, as opposed to the yearlong struggle writing the first film, and quickly wrote two more[22] in April 1978. The plot twist of Vader being Luke's father had drastic effects on the series.[23] After writing these drafts, Lucas fleshed out the backstory between Anakin, Obi-Wan, and the Emperor.[24]
With this new backstory in place, Lucas decided that the series would be a trilogy of trilogies,[25] designating the first sequel Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back in the next draft.[22]Lawrence Kasdan, who had just completed writing Raiders of the Lost Ark, was hired to write the next drafts, and given additional input from director Irvin Kershner. Kasdan, Kershner, and producer Gary Kurtz saw the film as a more serious and adult story, and developed the sequel from the light adventure roots of the first film.[26]
Episode VI: Return of the Jedi[edit]
Peter Mayhew and actor Kenny Baker portrayed Chewbacca and R2-D2, respectively, until The Force Awakens. Chewbacca is absent from Episode I, II, and Rogue One, while R2-D2 appears in every Star Wars film except Solo.
Set about a year after Vader's revelation,[15]Return of the Jedi sees Luke joining Leia and Lando in a rescue attempt to save Han from the gangster Jabba the Hutt. Afterward, Luke returns to Dagobah to complete his Jedi training, only to find Yoda on his deathbed.[27] In his last words, Yoda confirms the truth about Luke's father, and that Luke must confront Vader again in order to complete his training. As the rebels lead an attack on the second Death Star, Luke engages Vader in another lightsaber duel as Emperor Palpatine watches; both Sith Lords intend to turn Luke to the dark side and take him as their apprentice.[28]
Kurtz wanted a bittersweet and nuanced ending they had outlined that saw Han dead, the Rebel forces in pieces, Leia struggling as a queen, and Luke walking off alone (like in a Spaghetti Western)—while Lucas wanted a happier ending, partly to encourage toy sales. This led to tension between the two, resulting in Kurtz leaving the production.[29]
Prequel trilogy[edit]
Loose plans for a prequel trilogy were developed during the outlining of the original trilogy.[30] Technical advances in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the ability to create computer-generated imagery, inspired him to consider that it might be possible to revisit his saga.[31]
The prequel trilogy consists of Episode I: The Phantom Menace, released on May 19, 1999; Episode II: Attack of the Clones, released on May 16, 2002; and Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, released on May 19, 2005.[32] The plot focuses on the fall of the Galactic Republic, as well as the tragedy of Anakin Skywalker's turn to the dark side.
Episode I: The Phantom Menace[edit]
The heroes of the prequels were played by Ewan McGregor (Obi-Wan), Natalie Portman (Padmé), and Jake Lloyd (Anakin, in the first film only), respectively.
Set 32 years before the original film,[15]The Phantom Menace begins with two Jedi who, acting as negotiators of the Republic, discover that the corrupt Trade Federation has formed a blockade around the planet Naboo. Sith Lord Darth Sidious has secretly caused the blockade to give his alter ego, Senator Palpatine, a pretense to overthrow and replace the Supreme Chancellor of the Republic. Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice, the young Obi-Wan Kenobi, encounter a native of Naboo who helps them find the Queen of Naboo. With Queen Padmé Amidala, they escape the blockade, but not without their starship being damaged. Landing on Tatooine for repairs, they meet a nine-year-old slave named Anakin Skywalker. Qui-Gon helps liberate the boy by betting with his master in a podrace, believing him to be the 'Chosen One' prophesied by the Jedi to bring balance to the Force. Sidious dispatches his Sith apprentice, Darth Maul, to attack the queen's Jedi protectors. Arriving on Coruscant so the queen can plead Naboo's crisis before the Republic Senate, Anakin is brought before the Jedi Council, where Yoda senses that he possesses too much fear to be trained. The Jedi are ordered to accompany the queen back to Naboo, where she pleads to the natives for their help in the battle against the droid army.[33]
The prequels were originally planned to fill in history tangential to the original trilogy, but Lucas realized that they could form the first half of one long story focusing on Anakin.[34] This would shape the film series into a self-contained saga. In 1994, Lucas began writing the screenplay for the first prequel, initially titled Episode I: The Beginning. Following the film's release, Lucas announced that he would be directing the next two.[35]
Episode II: Attack of the Clones[edit]
Hayden Christensen plays Anakin in Episodes II and III. Puppeteer Frank Oz and actor Ian McDiarmid play Yoda and Palpatine, respectively, in all three trilogies. McDiarmid was added into the 2004 release of The Empire Strikes Back, while Christensen appears as Anakin's Force ghost in Return of the Jedi.
Ten years after the Battle of Naboo,[15]Attack of the Clones opens with an assassination attempt upon former Queen Padmé Amidala, who is serving as the Senator of Naboo. Obi-Wan and his apprentice Anakin are assigned to protect her; Obi-Wan tracks the killer, while Anakin and Padmé retreat to Naboo. They soon fall in love with each other, albeit secretly due to the Jedi Order's rule against attachment. Meanwhile, Chancellor Palpatine schemes to draw the entire galaxy into the 'Clone War' between the Republic army led by the Jedi, and the Confederacy of Independent Systems led by Count Dooku (the former master of Obi-Wan's deceased master Qui-Gon, and Palpatine's new Sith apprentice).[36]
The first draft of Episode II was completed just weeks before principal photography, and Lucas hired Jonathan Hales, a writer from The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, to polish it.[37] Lucas used the basic backstory developed for earlier Star Wars films in the concept of an army of clone shock troopers from a remote planet which attacked the Republic and were resisted by the Jedi.[38]
Episode III: Revenge of the Sith[edit]
Revenge of the Sith begins three years into the Clone Wars,[15] with Anakin and Obi-Wan leading a rescue mission to save Chancellor Palpatine from Count Dooku and the droid commander General Grievous. Anakin begins to have prophetic visions of his secret wife Padmé dying in childbirth. Palpatine, who had been secretly engineering the Clone Wars to destroy the Jedi Order, convinces Anakin that the dark side of the Force holds the power to save Padmé's life. Desperate, Anakin submits to Palpatine and is renamed Darth Vader. Palpatine orders the clone army to fire on their Jedi generals, and declares the former Republic an Empire. Vader participates in the extermination of the Jedi, culminating in a lightsaber duel with Obi-Wan on the volcanic planet Mustafar.[39]
Work on Episode III began before Episode II was released, with one scene shot during the earlier film's production. The climactic duel has its basis in the Return of the Jedi novelization, in which Obi-Wan recounts his battle with Anakin that ended with the latter falling 'into a molten pit'.[40] A rough draft screenplay includes a scene of Palpatine revealing to Anakin that he had willed his conception through the Force.[41]
Sequel trilogy[edit]
The main cast of the sequel trilogy is played by Adam Driver (Kylo Ren), Daisy Ridley (Rey), John Boyega (Finn), and Oscar Isaac (Poe Dameron), respectively.
Prior to releasing the original film, Lucas planned 'three trilogies of nine films',[25][42] but after beginning work on the prequels, insisted that Star Wars was meant to be a six-part series and that there would be no sequel trilogy.[43][44][45] However, in late 2012, Disney agreed to buy Lucasfilm and announced a new trilogy, beginning with Episode VII in 2015.[46]
The sequel trilogy focuses on the journey of the orphaned scavenger Rey following in the footsteps of the Jedi with the guidance of Luke Skywalker. Along with ex-stormtrooper Finn, she helps the Resistance led by Leia fight the First Order commanded by Supreme Leader Snoke and his pupil Kylo Ren (Han Solo and Leia's son). Episode VII: The Force Awakens was released on December 18, 2015, Episode VIII: The Last Jedi on December 15, 2017, and Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker is due to be released on December 20, 2019.
Episode VII: The Force Awakens[edit]
The Force Awakens is set 30 years after the destruction of the second Death Star,[15] by which time Luke Skywalker has gone missing. The remnants of the Empire have become the First Order, who seek to destroy Luke and the New Republic. They are opposed by the Resistance, led by princess-turned-general Leia Organa. On the planet of Jakku, Resistance pilot Poe Dameron obtains a map to Luke's location, but is captured by stormtroopers under the command of Kylo Ren. Poe's droid BB-8 escapes with the map, and encounters a scavenger girl, Rey. Kylo tortures Poe and learns of BB-8. A defecting stormtrooper, FN-2187, frees Poe, who dubs him 'Finn', and both escape in a TIE fighter. Poe is seemingly killed in a crash-landing upon Jakku. Finn finds Rey and BB-8, as the First Order pursues them; they escape together in the impounded Millennium Falcon. The Falcon is recaptured by Han Solo and Chewbacca, working as smugglers again. They agree to help deliver the map inside BB-8 to the Resistance.
In early 2013, Walt Disney Studios and Lucasfilm officially announced J. J. Abrams as Star Wars Episode VII's director and producer, along with Bryan Burk and Bad Robot Productions.[47] The screenplay for Episode VII was originally set to be written by Michael Arndt, but in October 2013 it was announced that writing duties would be taken over by Lawrence Kasdan and J. J. Abrams.[48][49]
Warwick Davis and Anthony Daniels have appeared in the most Star Wars films, with Daniels playing C-3PO in all except Solo.
Episode VIII: The Last Jedi[edit]
After a battle scene which overlaps with the end of the previous film, The Last Jedi follows Rey's attempt to convince Luke Skywalker to teach her the ways of the Force. She also seeks answers about her past and the conflict between Luke and his nephew Kylo Ren. Unbeknownst to Luke, Rey starts using the Force to communicate with Ren. Meanwhile, Leia leads Poe, Finn, Rose Tico, BB-8, and the rest of the Resistance as they are pursued by the First Order, led by Snoke with Kylo as his second in command. After hearing Ren's perspective, Rey disagrees with Luke and leaves him in an attempt to redeem Kylo and achieve peace. In doing this, Rey unwittingly helps Kylo kill Snoke. However, Ren's intentions are to replace Snoke as Supreme Leader, believing that destroying the Jedi and the Resistance is the only way to achieve peace. Rey must choose between Kylo's offer to rule the galaxy with him, or helping the outnumbered Resistance survive on Crait.
In late 2012, it was reported that Lawrence Kasdan and Simon Kinberg would write and produce Episodes VIII and IX.[50] Kasdan and Kinberg were later confirmed as consultants on those films. In addition, John Williams, who wrote the music for the previous six episodes, was hired to compose the music for Episodes VII, VIII and IX.[51] On March 12, 2015, Lucasfilm announced that Looper director Rian Johnson would direct Episode VIII with Ram Bergman as producer for Ram Bergman Productions.[52] When asked about Episode VIII in mid-2014, Johnson said 'I'm just happy. I don't have the terror I kind of expected I would.. I'm sure I will at some point.'[53] Principal photography began in February 2016[54] and wrapped in July 2016.[55][56][57]Carrie Fisher had finished filming her scenes, but died on December 27, 2016,[58] approximately a year before the film's release.
Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker[edit]
The Rise of Skywalker will be the final film of the Skywalker saga,[59] featuring a climactic clash between the Resistance and the First Order, and the Jedi and the Sith.[60][61]
Production on Episode IX was scheduled to begin in 2017.[62] After Carrie Fisher's death, it was announced that her role would be created from unreleased footage from the previous two films.[63] By September 2017, original director Colin Trevorrow had left the project following creative differences.[64] J. J. Abrams returned to direct, and co-wrote the film alongside Chris Terrio. Principal photography began on August 1, 2018.[65] Most of the cast of The Last Jedi is set to return, including Star Wars veterans Mark Hamill and Anthony Daniels. They will be joined by Billy Dee Williams as Lando Calrissian,[66] returning to the franchise onscreen for the first time since Return of the Jedi.[67]
Standalone films[edit]
As Lucas was outlining his trilogy of trilogies, he also imagined making 'a couple of odd movies .. [that] don't have anything to do with the Star Wars saga.'[68] The first theatrical films set outside the main episodic series were the Ewok spin-off films Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure (1984)[69] and Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985), which were screened internationally after being produced for television. Although based on story ideas from Lucas, they do not bear Star Wars in their titles, and were considered to exist in a lower level of canon than the episodic films.
After the conclusion of his then six-episode saga in 2005, Lucas returned to spin-offs in the form of television series.An animated film, The Clone Wars (2008), was released as a pilot to a TV series of the same name. Harta europei pentru gps tomtom free download. An anthology series set between the main episodes entered development in parallel to the production of the sequel trilogy,[70] described by Disney CFOJay Rasulo as origin stories.[71] The first entry, Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016), tells the story of the rebels who steal the Death Star plans directly before Episode IV.[72][73]Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018) focuses on Han's backstory, also featuring Chewbacca and Lando Calrissian.
Animated film[edit]
Film | Release date | Director | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) | Composer | Initial distributor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
August 15, 2008 | Dave Filoni | Henry Gilroy, Steven Melching and Scott Murphy | George Lucas and Catherine Winder | Kevin Kiner | Warner Bros. Pictures |
The Clone Wars[edit]
Star Wars Happy Thanksgiving Gif
Preceding the airing of the animated TV series in late 2008, the theatrical feature Star Wars: The Clone Wars was compiled from episodes 'almost [as] an afterthought.'[74][75] It reveals that Anakin trained an apprentice between Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith; the series explains Padawan Ahsoka Tano's absence from the latter film. The character was originally criticized by fans, but by the end of the series the character had become a fan favorite.[76][77] The film and series exist in the same level of canon as the episodic and anthology films.[78]
Anthology films[edit]
Before selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, and parallel to his development of a sequel trilogy, George Lucas and original trilogy co-screenwriterLawrence Kasdan started development on a standalone film about a young Han Solo.[70] In February 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger made public the development of a Kasdan film[79] and Entertainment Weekly reported that it would focus on Han Solo.[80] Disney CFOJay Rasulo has described the standalone films as origin stories.[71] Kathleen Kennedy confirmed that there was 'no attempt being made to carry characters (from the standalone films) in and out of the saga episodes.'[81] The standalone films are subtitled 'A Star Wars Story'.[72][82]
Film | Release date | Director | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) | Composer | Initial distributor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rogue One | December 16, 2016 | Gareth Edwards | Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy | John Knoll and Gary Whitta | Kathleen Kennedy, Allison Shearmur and Simon Emanuel | Michael Giacchino | Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |
Solo | May 25, 2018 | Ron Howard | Jonathan Kasdan and Lawrence Kasdan | Kathleen Kennedy, Allison Shearmur and Simon Emanuel | John Powell and John Williams |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story[edit]
Felicity Jones, the lead of Rogue One, and John Knoll, who supervised the visual effects of the prequels and pitched the plot of Rogue One.
Rogue One is set directly before Episode IV: A New Hope and focuses on the eponymous group of rebels who obtain the plans to the Death Star.[15] Its laser was developed by scientist Galen Erso (played by Mads Mikkelsen) after the Empire forcibly abducted him, separating him from his daughter Jyn. Galen secretly sends a defecting Imperial pilot, Bodhi Rook, to deliver a message warning of the weapon's existence and revealing its weakness to his rebel friend Saw Gerrera. Under the false promise of her father's liberation, Jyn agrees to help Rebel Alliance intelligence officer Cassian Andor and his droid K-2SO retrieve the message from Saw, now the paranoid leader of an extremist cell of rebels.
The idea for the movie came from John Knoll, the chief creative officer of Industrial Light & Magic.[83] In May 2014, Lucasfilm announced Gareth Edwards as the director of an anthology film, with Gary Whitta writing the first draft for a release on December 16, 2016.[84] The film's title was revealed to be Rogue One, with Chris Weitz rewriting the script, and Felicity Jones in the starring role.[85]Ben Mendelsohn and Diego Luna also play new characters,[86] with James Earl Jones returning to voice Darth Vader.[87] Edwards stated, 'It comes down to a group of individuals who don't have magical powers that have to somehow bring hope to the galaxy.'[88] The film was the first to feature characters introduced in animated Star Wars TV series, namely The Clone Wars' Saw Gerrera, portrayed by Forest Whitaker in the film. The movie received generally positive reviews, with its performances, action sequences, soundtrack, visual effects and darker tone being praised. The film grossed over US$500million worldwide within a week of its release.[89]
Solo: A Star Wars Story[edit]
Lawrence Kasdanco-wrote Episodes V, VI and VII, and Solo.
Solo, the second anthology film, focuses on Han Solo about 10 years before A New Hope.[15] After an escape attempt from his Imperial-occupied home planet of Corellia goes wrong, a young Han vows to return to rescue his girlfriend Qi'ra. Han 'Solo' joins the Imperial Academy; however, he is expelled for his reckless behavior. Han and his newfound Wookiee friend Chewbacca resort to a criminal life, mentored by veteran smuggler Beckett. After angering gangster Dryden Vos, Han and his company's lives depend on pulling a heist for him. Without a ship to travel, they hire Lando Calrissian, the captain and owner of the Millennium Falcon.
Before selling Lucasfilm to Disney, George Lucas had hired Star Wars original trilogy veteran Lawrence Kasdan to write a film about a young Han Solo.[70] The film stars Alden Ehrenreich as a young Han Solo, Joonas Suotamo as Chewbacca (after serving as a double for the character in The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi), Donald Glover as Lando Calrissian, Emilia Clarke as Qi'ra, and Woody Harrelson as Beckett. Lucasfilm originally hired Phil Lord and Christopher Miller to direct, but they were fired during principal photography, and replaced by Ron Howard. A twist ending acknowledges one of the major story arcs of The Clone Wars and Rebels animated series, while leaving the story open ended for sequels.[90]
Planned spin-off trilogies[edit]
Game of Thrones creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss will write and produce a trilogy of Star Wars films scheduled to be released in December of 2022, 2024, and 2026.[91][92][93]Similarly, Rian Johnson, the writer/director of The Last Jedi, is confirmed to write and direct the first film of a new trilogy he is currently outlining[94][95] and will start working on after completing his film Knives Out.[96]Both trilogies will differ from the Skywalker-focused films in favor of focusing on new characters and possibly different eras than the main film franchise. According to Kathleen Kennedy, Benioff and Weiss are 'working very closely with Rian.'[97] Additionally, Buzzfeed has reported that Laeta Kalogridis is currently writing the first movie in a Knights of the Old Republic trilogy.[98]
Produced for television[edit]
The first spin-off film (also the first sequel to be released) was a holiday TV special aired in 1978. Two live-action TV films created in the mid-1980s feature the Ewoks; these both had limited international theatrical runs.
The Star Wars Holiday Special[edit]
Film | Release date | Director(s) | Screen writer(s) | Network |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Star Wars Holiday Special | November 17, 1978 | David Acomba and Steve Binder | Bruce Vilanch | CBS |
Produced for CBS in 1978, the Star Wars Holiday Special was a two-hour television special, in the format of a variety show. Stars of the original film and archive footage from the original Star Wars film appeared alongside celebrity guest stars in plot-related skits, musical numbers, and an animated segment, all loosely tied together by the premise of Chewbacca's family waiting for his arrival for the 'Life Day' celebration on his home planet, Kashyyyk. George Lucas loathed the special and forbade it to be re-aired or released on home video, with the sole exception of the 11-minute animated sequence that featured the first appearance of bounty hunter Boba Fett, which was eventually included as a bonus feature in some of the films' Blu-ray releases.[99]
Ewok films[edit]
The Ewoks from Return of the Jedi were featured in two spin-off television films, The Ewok Adventure and Ewoks: The Battle for Endor. Both aired on ABC on the Thanksgiving weekends of 1984 and 1985, respectively.[100]Warwick Davis reprised his debut role as the main Ewok, Wicket, in both.[101][102] They are set between the events of The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi.[103] Both films were released on VHS, Laser Disc, and on a double-feature DVD. Following Disney's acquisition of the franchise, they were excluded from the canon.[104][69] Both films would be the last live-action Star Wars television projects produced by Lucasfilm until 2019's The Mandalorian series for Disney's upcoming Disney+ service.
Film | Release date | Director(s) | Screen writer(s) | Network |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Ewok Adventure | November 25, 1984 | John Korty | Bob CarrauStory by: George Lucas | ABC |
Ewoks: The Battle for Endor | November 24, 1985 | Jim Wheat and Ken Wheat | Jim Wheat and Ken WheatStory by: George Lucas |
Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure[edit]
In a story by Lucas and a screenplay by Bob Carrau, the Towani family spaceship shipwrecks on the forest moon of Endor. While trying to repair their ship, the castaway family is split, when a giant creature known as the Gorax kidnaps the parents. Taking pity on the kids, a group of native Ewoks led by Wicket decides to help little Cindel Towani and her older brother Mace, rescue their parents.[101][105] Among other stylistic choices making the film unique from the Star Wars episodes is the inclusion of a narrator.[106]
Ewoks: The Battle for Endor[edit]
The sequel focuses on the Ewoks protecting their village from marauders led by the evil witch Charal, who kill all the members of the Towani family except for Cindel.[101]
Technical information[edit]
All films of the Star Wars series were mostly shot with an aspect ratio of 2.39:1 in mind. The original and sequel trilogies were filmed with anamorphic lenses. Episodes IV, V, VII, and VIII were filmed in Panavision, while Episode VI was shot in Joe Dunton Camera (JDC) scope. Episode I was shot with Hawk anamorphic lenses on Arriflex cameras, and Episodes II and III were shot with Sony's CineAlta high-definition digital cameras.[107]Episode VII and VIII had select footage shot with 65mm IMAX film cameras, with one scene in Episode VII presented in an aspect ratio of either 1.43:1 or 1.90:1 in most IMAX theaters. Rogue One and Solo were shot on ARRI Alexa 65 cameras with the former using the Ultra Panavision 70 format.
Music and sound effects[edit]
John Williams, composer of the scores for the film trilogies
Lucas hired Ben Burtt to oversee the sound effects on the original 1977 film. Burtt's accomplishment was such that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented him with a Special Achievement Award because it had no award at the time for the work he had done.[108] Lucasfilm developed the THX sound reproduction standard for Return of the Jedi.[109]John Williams composed the scores for all eight films. Lucas's design for Star Wars involved a grand musical sound, with leitmotifs for different characters and important concepts. Williams's Star Wars title theme has become one of the most famous and well-known musical compositions in modern music history.[110]
Stunts[edit]
Lucas hired 'the Dean of Special Effects' John Stears, who created R2-D2, Luke Skywalker's Landspeeder, the Jedi Knights' lightsabers, and the Death Star.[111][112] The technical lightsaber choreography for the original trilogy was developed by leading filmmaking sword-master Bob Anderson. Anderson trained actor Mark Hamill (Luke Skywalker) and performed all the sword stunts as Darth Vader during the lightsaber duels in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, wearing Vader's costume.[citation needed] Anderson's role in the original Star Wars trilogy was highlighted in the film Reclaiming the Blade, where he shares his experiences as the fight choreographer developing the lightsaber techniques for the movies.[113]
Reception[edit]
Box office performance[edit]
The Star Wars films are the second-highest-grossing film franchise of all time worldwide, behind the Marvel Cinematic Universe, having grossed over $9.2 billion at the global box office.[114]
Film | U.S. release date | Box office gross | All-time ranking | Budget | Ref(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. and Canada | Other territories | Worldwide | U.S. and Canada | Worldwide | ||||
Skywalker saga | ||||||||
Star Wars | May 25, 1977 | $460,998,007 | $314,400,000 | $775,398,007 | 16 | 90 | $11 million | [115] |
The Empire Strikes Back | May 21, 1980 | $290,475,067 | $247,900,000 | $538,375,067 | 91 | 183 | $18 million | [116] |
Return of the Jedi | May 25, 1983 | $309,306,177 | $165,800,000 | $475,106,177 | 75 | 220 | $32.5 million | [117] |
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace | May 19, 1999 | $474,544,677 | $552,500,000 | $1,027,044,677 | 15 | 35 | $115 million | [118] |
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones | May 16, 2002 | $310,676,740 | $338,721,588 | $649,398,328 | 73 | 130 | $115 million | [119] |
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith | May 19, 2005 | $380,270,577 | $468,484,191 | $848,754,768 | 39 | 69 | $113 million | [120] |
Star Wars: The Force Awakens | December 18, 2015 | $936,662,225 | $1,131,561,399 | $2,068,223,624 | 1 | 4 | $245 million | [121] |
Star Wars: The Last Jedi | December 15, 2017 | $620,181,382 | $712,358,507 | $1,332,539,889 | 9 | 12 | $317 million | [122] |
Spin-off films | ||||||||
Star Wars: The Clone Wars | August 15, 2008 | $35,161,554 | $33,121,290 | $68,282,844 | 2,370 | -- | $8.5 million | [123] |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story | December 16, 2016 | $532,177,324 | $523,879,949 | $1,056,057,273 | 12 | 30 | $200 million | [124] |
Solo: A Star Wars Story | May 25, 2018 | $213,767,512 | $179,082,011 | $392,849,523 | 180 | 295 | $275 million | [125] |
Total | $4,564,221,242 | $4,667,808,935 | $9,232,030,177 | 2 | 2 | $1.450 billion | [126][114] |
Critical and public response[edit]
Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore |
---|---|---|---|
Skywalker saga | |||
Star Wars | 93% (117 reviews)[127] | 90 (24 reviews)[128] | N/A |
The Empire Strikes Back | 95% (94 reviews)[129] | 82 (25 reviews)[130] | N/A |
Return of the Jedi | 81% (90 reviews)[131] | 58 (24 reviews)[132] | N/A |
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace | 54% (222 reviews)[133] | 51 (36 reviews)[134] | A−[135] |
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones | 65% (250 reviews)[136] | 54 (39 reviews)[137] | A−[135] |
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith | 80% (293 reviews)[138] | 68 (40 reviews)[139] | A−[135] |
Star Wars: The Force Awakens | 92% (413 reviews)[140] | 81 (55 reviews)[141] | A[135] |
Star Wars: The Last Jedi | 91% (438 reviews)[142] | 85 (56 reviews)[143] | A[135] |
Spin-off films | |||
Star Wars: The Clone Wars | 18% (169 reviews)[144] | 35 (30 reviews)[145] | B−[135] |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story | 84% (422 reviews)[146] | 65 (51 reviews)[147] | A[135] |
Solo: A Star Wars Story | 70% (443 reviews)[148] | 62 (54 reviews)[149] | A−[135] |
Television films | |||
Star Wars Holiday Special | 30% (10 reviews)[150] | N/A | N/A |
The Ewok Adventure | 25% (12 reviews)[151] | N/A | N/A |
Average | 68% | 66 | A− |
Accolades[edit]
Academy Awards[edit]
The ten live-action films together have been nominated for 34 Academy Awards, of which they have won seven. The films were also awarded a total of three Special Achievement Awards. The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi received Special Achievement Awards for their visual effects,[152][153] and Star Wars received a Special Achievement Award for its alien, creature and robot voices.[154][155]
Film | Best Picture | Best Director | Best Supporting Actor | Best Original Screenplay | Best Costume Design | Best Film Editing | Best Makeup | Best Original Score | Best Production Design | Best Sound Editing | Best Sound Mixing | Best Visual Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star Wars | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated[i] | Nominated | Won | Won | Won | Won | Won | Won | [154] | ||
The Empire Strikes Back | Nominated | Nominated | Won | [152] | |||||||||
Return of the Jedi | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | [153] | ||||||||
The Phantom Menace | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | [156] | |||||||||
Attack of the Clones | Nominated | [157] | |||||||||||
Revenge of the Sith | Nominated | [158] | |||||||||||
The Force Awakens | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | [159] | |||||||
Rogue One | Nominated | Nominated | [160] | ||||||||||
The Last Jedi | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | Nominated | [161] | ||||||||
Solo | Nominated | [162] |
Grammy Awards[edit]
The franchise has received a total of fourteen Grammy Award nominations, winning six.[163]
Film | Album of the Year | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media | Best Instrumental Composition | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star Wars | Nominated | Won | Won | Won[ii] | [164] |
The Empire Strikes Back | Nominated[iii] | Won | Won[iv] | [164] | |
Return of the Jedi | Nominated | [164] | |||
The Phantom Menace | Nominated | [164] | |||
Revenge of the Sith | Nominated | Nominated[v] | [164] | ||
The Force Awakens | Won | [164] |
- Notes
- ^Alec Guinness for his performance as Obi-Wan Kenobi.
- ^For 'Star Wars – Main Title'
- ^For 'Yoda's Theme'
- ^For The Empire Strikes Back. Also nominated for 'The Imperial March (Darth Vader's Theme) and 'Yoda's Theme'.
- ^For 'Anakin's Betrayal'
Legacy[edit]
In 1989, the Library of Congress selected the original Star Wars film for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry, as being 'culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.'[165]The Empire Strikes Back, was selected in 2010.[166][167] 35mm reels of the 1997 Special Editions were the versions initially presented for preservation because of the difficulty of transferring from the original prints,[168][169] but it was later revealed that the Library possessed a copyright deposit print of the original theatrical releases. By 2015, Star Wars had been transferred to a 2K scan which can be viewed by appointment.[170]
Unproduced films[edit]
In early 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger announced the development of a spin-off film written by Simon Kinberg,[171] reported by Entertainment Weekly to focus on bounty hunter Boba Fett during the original trilogy.[172] In mid-2014, Josh Trank was officially announced as the director of an undisclosed spin-off film,[173] but had left the project a year later due to creative differences,[174] causing a teaser for the film to be scrapped from Star Wars Celebration.[175] In May 2018, it was reported that James Mangold had signed on to write and direct a Fett film, with Kinberg attached as producer and co-writer.[176][177] However, by October, the Fett film[c] was reportedly no longer in production, with the studio instead focusing on the upcoming The Mandalorian series, which utilizes a similar character design.[179]
In August 2017, it was rumored that films focused on Jabba the Hutt, Jedi Masters Yoda and Obi-Wan Kenobi were being considered or were in development.[180]Stephen Daldry was reportedly in early negotiations to co-write and direct the Obi-Wan movie.[181]Ewan McGregor has expressed interest in reprising the role of Kenobi, but as of mid-2018 stated that he had no knowledge of such a project.[182][183][d] However, former UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson was later quoted as saying the filmmakers of an Obi-Wan spin-off film had proposed shooting it in Northern Ireland.[186] In February 2019, it was rumored that the project may be produced as a streaming series rather than as a standalone film.[187]
In 2018, critics noted that Solo was intentionally left open for sequels.[188] Alden Ehrenreich and Emilia Clarke confirmed that their contracts to play Han Solo and Q'ira extended for additional films, if required.[189][190] Felicity Jones, who played Jyn Erso in Rogue One, also has the option of another Star Wars film in her contract; notwithstanding her character's fate in Rogue One, it has been speculated that she could return in other anthology films.[191][192] Kathleen Kennedy expressed being open to making a spin-off about the younger Lando Calrissian as seen in Solo, but confirmed that none was currently in development.[193]
![Happy Happy](/uploads/1/2/3/3/123368243/610568319.jpg)
Happy Thanksgiving Wishes
An unannounced film centered around the Mos Eisley Spaceport was reportedly put on hold or cancelled in mid-2018,[194][195] leading to rumors of the cancellation or postponement of the anthology series.[195] Lucasfilm swiftly denied the rumors as 'inaccurate', confirming that multiple unannounced films were in development.[196]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Footnotes
- ^By Lucasfilm, while promoting The Rise of Skywalker in 2018
- ^The first two trilogies were released on three year intervals, the sequel trilogy films two years apart.
- ^Reported to have also featured the other bounty hunters from The Empire Strikes Back[178]
- ^Other former cast members have expressed openness towards returning in an Obi-Wan spin-off, including Liam Neeson as Obi-Wan's deceased Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn and Joel Edgerton as Luke Skywalker's uncle Owen Lars.[184][185]
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Sources[edit]
- Bouzereau, Laurent (1997). The Annotated Screenplays. Del Rey. ISBN978-0-345-40981-2.
- Kaminski, Michael (2007). The Secret History of Star Wars.
- —— (2008) [2007]. The Secret History of Star Wars (3.0 ed.). Legacy Books Press. ISBN978-0-9784652-3-0.
- Rinzler, Jonathan W (2005). The Making of Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. Del Rey. ISBN978-0-345-43139-4.
- ——— (2007). The Making of Star Wars: The Definitive Story Behind the Original Film (Star Wars). Del Rey. ISBN978-0-345-49476-4.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Star_Wars_films&oldid=904573428'
Star Wars Holiday Special | |
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Based on | Star Wars by George Lucas |
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Country of origin | United States |
Original language(s) | English |
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Running time | 98 minutes |
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Original network | CBS |
Original release |
The Star Wars Holiday Special is a 1978 American musicalscience fictiontelevision film set in the Star Wars galaxy. It stars the original film's main cast and Chewbacca's family and introduces Boba Fett, who would appear in later films. Directed by Steve Binder, it is the first official Star Warsspin-off film, and is set between the events of the original film and The Empire Strikes Back.
In the storyline that ties the special together, following the events of the original film, Chewbacca and Han Solo attempt to visit the Wookiee home world to celebrate 'Life Day'. They are pursued by agents of the Galactic Empire, who are searching for members of the Rebel Alliance on the planet. The special introduces three members of Chewbacca's family: his father Itchy, his wife Malla, and his son Lumpy.The program also features the rest of the main Star Wars characters, including Luke Skywalker, C-3PO, R2-D2, Darth Vader and Princess Leia, all portrayed by the original cast. The program includes footage from the 1977 film, and a cartoon produced by Toronto-based Nelvana featuring the bounty hunter Boba Fett. A few scenes take place in space and in spacecraft including the Millennium Falcon and a Star Destroyer. The variety show segments and cartoon also take place in a few other locales, such as the Mos Eisley cantina seen in the original film, and a newly introduced red ocean planet known as Panna.
The special is notorious for its extremely negative reception and has never been rebroadcast or officially released on home video.[1][2] It has, therefore, become something of a cultural legend, because of the underground quality of its existence. It has been viewed and distributed in off-air recordings made from its original telecast by fans as bootleg copies, and later adapted to content-sharing websites.
- 4Segments
- 5Reception
- 6Versions and availability
- 8Role in greater Star Wars continuity
Plot[edit]
On Life Day, Chewbacca, accompanied by Han Solo, is headed home to see his family. Along the way, the duo are chased by two Star Destroyers, but they escape into hyperspace.Meanwhile, on Kashyyyk, Chewbacca's family is preparing for his return. Hoping to find the Millennium Falcon, his wife, Malla, runs a computer scan for starships in the area but is unsuccessful. Malla contacts Luke Skywalker, who, along with R2-D2, is working on his X-wing starfighter. Luke tells her that he does not know what happened. Malla contacts Saun Dann, a local human trader. He tells her through a carefully worded message that Han and Chewbacca are on their way and should be arriving soon. Malla then attempts (unsuccessfully) to prepare a meal, the instructions of which are being aired via a local cooking show by an eccentric four-armed alien cook, Chef Gormaanda (Harvey Korman).
![Thanksgiving Thanksgiving](/uploads/1/2/3/3/123368243/764409575.jpg)
Saun arrives with Life Day gifts for everyone, including a virtual reality fantasy program (featuring Diahann Carroll) for Itchy. Back on the Falcon, Chewbacca and Han have just come out of hyperspace not far from Kashyyyk. Han notices an increased Imperial presence, so they decide to land in an unguarded area to the north. As they enter the atmosphere, Lumpy hears the roaring of the ship. Believing Han and Chewie might be arriving, Malla opens the door, but instead finds two stormtroopers and officers.The Imperials force their way into the house. An officer orders a search for Chewbacca. As they search, Saun and the others attempt to distract them with food and Malla's music video box (which features a video by Jefferson Starship). When the music finishes, the head officer orders the search to continue. The head officer tells Malla to keep Lumpy busy while they search his room, so Lumpy (and the viewing audience) watches a cartoon on a viewscreen of one of his father's many adventures:
- During a search for a talisman, the Millennium Falcon crashes on the water planet of Panna with the main characters onboard. They run into Boba Fett, who saves Luke from a giant monster and claims to want to help the Rebels. They all board the Falcon, where Han has been infected by a mysterious sleeping virus caused by the talisman. Luke then contracts the virus as well. Fett and Chewie go into Panna City to get the cure. Once they get into the Imperial-occupied city, Fett instructs Chewie to stay behind—so he can contact Darth Vader. On the Falcon, as C-3PO is caring for Han and Luke, R2-D2 intercepts the transmission between Vader and Fett. Evading the Imperials, Fett and Chewie return to the Falcon with the cure. After everyone recovers from the virus, they learn of Fett's true allegiances. Fett blasts away in his jetpack, promising that they will meet again. Everyone then escapes from the planet aboard the Falcon and heads back to the Rebel base.
Lumpy works to create a translation device that will fool the Imperials into returning to their base by faking their commander's voice. To do so, he first must watch the manual for the device, being presented by a malfunctioning, incompetent robot (also played by Korman).While the Imperials are searching downstairs, the living room viewscreen activates, announcing that Tatooine is being put under curfew by the Empire because of 'subversive forces'. The video is announced as required viewing for all Imperial forces and much of it features Ackmena (Bea Arthur) running the Mos Eisley cantina. Ackmena is approached by an admirer: Krelman, an amorous alien, who has misunderstood something she said to him recently. Ackmena announces last call, and upon being ignored, sings a farewell song.Lumpy uses this opportunity to put his plan into motion, faking a repeated call for the Imperials to 'return to base'. They leave, but one stormtrooper stays behind and realizes that they were tricked. He finds Lumpy and destroys the machine, then chases Lumpy outside.
Han and Chewbacca arrive. Chewie protects Lumpy as Han dispatches the stormtrooper. After they are reunited, an Imperial officer appears on the viewscreen, giving a general alert for the missing stormtrooper. Saun quickly responds that the trooper stole supplies and deserted. The danger averted, the family prepares to go to the festival at the great Tree of Life. They hold glowing orbs, and appear in space wearing red robes.[3]Wookiees walk into a bright star and arrive at the Tree of Life, where many are gathered, including C-3PO and R2-D2. Luke, Leia, and Han also appear. Leia gives a short speech and sings a song in celebration. Chewie remembers his adventures during the events of the original film. Finally, the Wookiee family sits around a table and bows their heads.
Cast[edit]
- Harrison Ford as Han Solo
- Peter Mayhew as Chewbacca
- Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker
- Carrie Fisher as Princess Leia
- Anthony Daniels as C-3PO
- James Earl Jones as Darth Vader (voice)
- David Prowse (archive footage) as Darth Vader
- Bea Arthur as Ackmena
- Art Carney as Trader Saun Dann
- Diahann Carroll as Mermeia Holographic
- Jefferson Starship (Marty Balin, Craig Chaquico, Paul Kantner, David Freiberg, Pete Sears, John Barbata) as Holographic Band
- Harvey Korman as Krelman / Chef Gormaanda / Amorphian instructor
- Mickey Morton as Malla / Tork (uncredited) / Chef Gormaanda’s second pair of arms (uncredited)
- Paul Gale as Itchy
- Patty Maloney as Lumpy
- Alec Guinness (archive footage) as Obi-Wan Kenobi
- Leslie Schofield (archive footage) as Chief Moradmin Bast
- Yuichi Sugiyama as the 'Ring-Master'
- Jack Ryder as Imperial Guard Officer
- Lev Mailer and Michael Potter as Imperial Guards
- Marcus Powell as Rycar Ryjerd (archive footage)
- Claude Woolman as Imperial Officer
Kenny Baker, who played R2-D2 in the films, was not involved in the special. The droid was performed entirely by a radio-controlled unit, operated by Mick Garris (Lucas's receptionist). In the credits, R2-D2 is credited by announcer Art James as playing himself.
Because James Earl Jones was originally uncredited in Star Wars, the special marked the first time he was credited as the voice of Darth Vader.[4]
Malla's mask was repurposed from a Chewbacca mask from the original film.[5] The names of Chewbacca's family were later explained to have been nicknames, their full names being Mallatobuck (Malla), Attichitcuk (Itchy), and Lumpawarrump or Lumpawaroo (Lumpy).[6][7][8]
Production[edit]
While outlining the original Star Wars and planning its potential sequels, Lucas imagined a 'film just about Wookiees, nothing else.'[9] After the original film's success, its cast made a few appearances on TV variety shows.[3] According to Charles Lippincott, who was head of marketing of the Star Wars Corporation, CBS brought the idea of doing a TV special to him and Lucas, although there is some internal dispute about this claim.[10] According to J.W. Rinzler, 'Everybody agreed that a television special was a good idea.' Lucas was busy moving his production company to a new location, which was not heavily involved in the special. Though Lucas is uncredited, it was his idea to build the narrative around Chewbacca's family.[3]
Star Wars Happy Thanksgiving Meme
CBS hired experienced variety show writers and producers.[3] Writer Bruce Vilanch was concerned about the decision to center the special on a species who grunt in a fictional language without subtitles, and feared that the special would turn into 'one long episode of Lassie.' Regardless, Lucas would not budge on his vision.[10] The special went through two directors. The first, David Acomba, was brought in through an attempt to 'make us different in variety shows', according to Lippencott. Acomba, a classmate of George Lucas at USC film school, was unfamiliar with a multiple-camera setup, which caused some problems. Acomba also felt that there was a divide between himself and the producers, and chose to leave the project after finishing only a few scenes, including the cantina and Jefferson Starship. He was replaced by Steve Binder, whose only contact with Lucasfilm was a 'Wookiee bible' detailing how the species should look and behave.[10]Stan Winston was hired to design the Wookiee family.[11]
The special was broadcast in its entirety in the United States only once, on Friday, November 17, 1978 (the week before Thanksgiving), on the television network CBS from 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm, Eastern Standard Time (EST), pre-empting Wonder Woman and The Incredible Hulk. It was also broadcast on the Canadian television network CTV from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm, Eastern Standard Time.[1], in New Zealand on TVNZ, and in Australia on the Seven Network.[citation needed]
Segments[edit]
All the acts were loosely linked together with material which involves the Wookiees' preparation for Life Day on Kashyyyk, Han and Chewie's attempt to bypass the Imperial blockade and make it to Chewie's family, and the Imperial garrison's search for rebels. The plot strings together a series of musical numbers, celebrity cameos and other variety show acts. These include songs and comedy routines by such 1970s talents as Jefferson Starship, Diahann Carroll, Art Carney, Harvey Korman and Bea Arthur, and a circus-style acrobatics routine including uneven bars and juggling. The most notable segment is an animated cartoon featuring the onscreen debut of Boba Fett.
Music[edit]
Original music was composed for The Star Wars Holiday Special by Ken and Mitzie Welch, while Ian Fraser was brought in to adapt John Williams' orchestral themes from Star Wars.[10] The special features four songs:
- 'This Minute Now' is sung by Diahann Carroll. Carroll – who is supposed to be an image created by a virtual reality machine – tells Chewbacca's father, Itchy, that she is his 'fantasy' and suggestively invites him to 'experience' her.
- 'Light the Sky on Fire', performed by Jefferson Starship, which is presented as a 3D music video watched by one of the Imperial guards; during production the song was given the working title 'Cigar-Shaped Object (Vanished Without a Trace)' (the song was included as a bonus 45 rpm single in the Jefferson Starship greatest hits collection Gold). (The clip marked Marty Balin's final appearance with Jefferson Starship, as he had left the band in October 1978, a month before the special was broadcast. He later rejoined the band in 1993.)
- Later, Bea Arthur, who plays a bartender in the Mos Eisleycantina, sings 'Good Night, But Not Goodbye' set to the 'Cantina Band' theme. Some of the same aliens seen in the cantina in Star Wars reappear, including the band Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes, as back-up musicians.[12]
- Finally, at the end of the special, Carrie Fisher sings a song in celebration of Life Day to the tune of the Star Wars main theme by John Williams.
Comedy[edit]
Harvey Korman provides comedy in three of the special's skits, including the cantina skit with Bea Arthur where he plays a love-struck barfly who drinks through a hole in the top of his head. He also performs two solo routines: one as Chef Gormaanda, a four-armed parody of Julia Child (the four arms allow her to work much faster than Malla can keep up with) and one as a malfunctioning Amorphian android named Dromboid in an instruction video watched by Lumpy. Art Carney has a more integral role in the story, playing a trader named Saun Dann on Kashyyyk who is a member of the rebellion and helps Chewie's family. His segments are also largely played for laughs and at one point includes a scene alluding to his character Ed Norton from The Honeymooners, where an Imperial officer demands that he 'get on with it' while Carney dallies with a prop, thus introducing the Jefferson Starship performance.
Cartoon[edit]
The high point of the special is generally considered to be the animated segment known as 'The Faithful Wookiee',[13] which is the first official Star Wars cartoon ever made.[14] It was written by Lucas and produced by Toronto animation firm Nelvana Ltd., which would later produce Droids and Ewoks, two Saturday-morning series based on the franchise in the mid-1980s.[15][16] The visual style was inspired by Moebius,[13] and it features the vocal talents of the main cast.[17] Intended as an in-universe flashback, Luke Skywalker wears a yellow jacket similar to his outfit at the end of A New Hope.
The cartoon introduces Boba Fett, whose appearance was based on footage of the unpainted costume from The Empire Strikes Back, and according to Nelvana co-founder Clive Smith, their suggestion to 'scuff up his costume a little bit' influenced the character's live-action appearance.[13] The final costume design made a public parade appearance two months before the Holiday Special aired.[18] The simplified color scheme for the cartoon was later repeated for Fett's appearance in Droids.[19]
According to the official Star Wars website, Fett was voiced by Don Francks in the special.[20]Inverse also credited the role to him based on his work in later Nelvana productions.[21][a][b]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The Star Wars Holiday Special has become notorious for its extremely negative reception, both by Star Wars fans and the general public.[1] Jerry Buck, in a November 1978 review for the Associated Press, called the program 'bubble gum for the brain.'[25]Anthony Daniels, in a documentary promoting the worldwide tour of Star Wars: In Concert, notes with a laugh that the Star Wars universe includes 'The horrible Holiday Special that nobody talks about'. Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club wrote, 'I'm not convinced the special wasn’t ultimately written and directed by a sentient bag of cocaine.'[26]George Lucas did not have significant involvement with the film's production and was reportedly unhappy with the results; however, Patty Maloney, who played Lumpy, stated in 2008 that Lucas was sent dailies of each day's shooting for approval.[27]
David Hofstede, author of What Were They Thinking?: The 100 Dumbest Events in Television History, ranked the holiday special at number one, calling it 'the worst two hours of television ever'.[2]Shepard Smith, a news anchor for the Fox News Channel, referred to it as a '70s train wreck, combining the worst of Star Wars with the utter worst of variety television.'[28] On the review-aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a 33% approval rating, based on nine reviews, with an average rating of 3.5/10.[29]
Recognition[edit]
The special was ranked at #3 in 'The Five Goofiest Moments of the Star Wars Mythos' in the 62nd issue of UK's Star Wars magazine.[30]TV Guide ranked it at number 11 on their '25 Most Hilarious Holiday TV Moments', mentioning that it was 'unintentionally hilarious.'[31] Both TV Guide and TV Land ranked the special at #59 on their 'Top 100 Unexpected Television Moments' in a five-part special that aired from December 5 until December 9, 2005.[31] In a 2008 online poll on Christmas specials by the Paley Center for Media, The Star Wars Holiday Special was selected to be shown at the Center by 59% of the voters (who selected 5 titles each). It beat A Charlie Brown Christmas (34.6%), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (31.3%) and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (28.4%), among others.[32]
In December 2018, a comedy play was released about the special's production, entitled Special.[3]
Reception from cast and crew[edit]
George Lucas himself disliked the special.[33][34] In a May 2005 interview, Lucas was asked if the film had soured him on working in television. He replied:
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The special from 1978 really didn't have much to do with us, you know. I can't remember what network it was on, but it was a thing that they did. We kind of let them do it. It was done by.. I can't even remember who the group was, but they were variety TV guys. We let them use the characters and stuff and that probably wasn't the smartest thing to do, but you learn from those experiences.[35]
The official Star Wars site states that the special 'delivered mixed results' and states that its highlight was the Boba Fett animated segment.[36] The official site also says, when referring to the fan interest in seeing the Wookiees on screen, 'the 1978 Holiday Special didn't cut it.'[37] The official site also refers to the Boba Fett animated segment as 'a cult classic'.[38] In 2006, Harrison Ford made an appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and claimed to have never seen it.[39]
On the 2010 television program Times Talk, New York Times columnist David Carr asked Carrie Fisher about the special; she said that she made George Lucas give her a copy of the special in exchange for recording commentary for the Star Wars trilogy so that she would 'have something for parties..when [she] wanted everyone to leave.'[40] In 2018, Mark Hamill admitted to not having seen the entire special.[41]
Versions and availability[edit]
The Star Wars Holiday Special was mostly forgotten after its only airing in 1978, until some time in the early-to-mid-1990s when individuals came forward and offered original videotape recordings of the TV airing. These have since been duplicated and reduplicated so that most copies of the special available today are based on second- to sixth-generation VHS dubs. Some of these fan-made copies include the original commercials that aired during the show, as well as the news breaks; the most notable news item was the sentencing of William Kampiles. One such recording from WCBS-TV in New York City featured anchor Rolland Smith teasing a story on 'fighting the frizzies' for that night's 11 p.m. news, an ID which itself has gained popularity over the years on the Internet and television shows such as South Park.[42]
It soon became a cult classic among Star Wars fans. While originally shared or sold as a bootleg video at conventions or via outlets such as eBay, peer-to-peer file sharing networks have made the special more widely available to fans curious to see it for themselves.[1] Online video sites such as YouTube have also hosted clips of the special. However, the special has not been officially released. The so-called 'Platinum Edition' DVD mentioned in a review by Lawrence Person on Locus Online was an April Fools hoax.[43]
Animation cels sold in the mid-1990s came from the special's animated Boba Fett segment. Segments of that cartoon appear in the 2002 Attack of the Clones web documentary 'Bucket Head' and Jeremy Bulloch, who portrayed Fett in the original films, introduces the segment as coming from the Holiday Special. In 2004, the official Star Wars site confirmed that documentary filmmaker Kevin Burns was allowed access to the original print for use in his Empire of Dreams documentary; however, the segment using footage from the holiday special was ultimately left out of the final cut.
The entire Fett cartoon would get an official home video release as an Easter Egg on the 2011 Star Wars: the Complete SagaBlu-ray set and therefore the only portion of the Holiday Special officially released in any home video format.
The comedy troupe RiffTrax, which is composed of Mystery Science Theater 3000 alums, has released a satirical running commentary on the special.[44]
International distribution[edit]
The program was seen in Canada on CTV on the same evening as the CBS broadcast. Toronto CTV station CFTO-TV aired the program at 7 pm, an hour earlier than seen on the nearest American outlet, WIVB-TV in Buffalo, New York.[45] It was also distributed and seen in Australia and New Zealand.[citation needed] It was shown on Swedish SVT on May 31, 1979 as Stjärnornas krig - och fred (literally 'Star Wars - and Peace', a pun on the Swedish title of the first film).[46] The special was also broadcast in Venezuela on Venevision,[citation needed]Honduras on Canal 5, Brazil on TV Bandeirantes (on Christmas Day, 1981)[47] and at least twice in Argentina. It aired in France on January 1, 1979, on TF1, in a shortened 72-minute version, dubbed in French.[48] It aired in the Republic of Ireland on RTÉ 2 on Christmas Day 1979.[49]
Related media tie-ins[edit]
- Prior to the special's airing, the Kenner toy company considered creating a toy line based on the special. While the project was canceled because of the unpopularity of the special, several prototype versions of the figures are known to have been created. Those depict the Chewbacca family and seem to be simply modifications of Kenner's officially released Chewbacca figure.[50]
- A press kit was released prior to the special to promote its airing.
- Jefferson Starship released their song from the special, 'Light the Sky On Fire', as a single, with their 1974 song 'Hyperdrive' as the B-side.[51]
- In 2007, Hasbro released a Boba Fett action figure, using the likeness from the animated cartoon and titled 'Boba Fett (Animated Debut)'.[52]
Role in greater Star Wars continuity[edit]
Canonicity of the special[edit]
Despite the unpopularity of the special, Lucasfilm maintained its status as part of the continuity, placing it halfway between Episodes IV and V.[53] From 1978 to 2014, most elements of Holiday Special fell under the S-canon, a secondary level of canon superseded by other licensed works.
This was clarified in 2007 by Leland Chee, who maintains Lucasfilm's internal continuity database called 'the Holocron'. According to Chee, the Holocron contained at least 28 entries about The Star Wars Holiday Special by that point. These placed all elements referred to in other works, such as Life Day and Chewbacca's family members, in the C-canon. He stated that elements not subsequently referred to were given the lower rank of S-canon.[54] Chee also confirmed that Leslie Schofield appears as an unnamed character in The Star Wars Holiday Special and not the character he played in A New Hope named Chief Bast. Previously this confusion had caused fans (drawing on a hint in the Customizable Card Game) to question whether Bast's death aboard the Death Star was genuine.
Personalization error windows 10. After Lucasfilm was acquired by The Walt Disney Company, the Holocron was retired. Only the episodic films and animated series beginning with The Clone Wars were declared to be part of the new canon. However, J. J. Abrams sarcastically referred to The Star Wars Holiday Special as canon in a 2015 interview.[55]
Later appearances[edit]
After being introduced by the special, the character Boba Fett and the planet Kashyyyk have gone on to play integral roles in the franchise, making their first film appearances in The Empire Strikes Back and Revenge of the Sith, respectively. Apart from this, more specific references to The Star Wars Holiday Special have been made including:
- In 1979, one year after the special's broadcast, Lucasfilm published Star Wars: The Wookiee Storybook, a children's storybook which reunited characters from the special.[56]
- An untitled 1979 newspaper comic strip by Russ Manning which featured another venture by Han, Luke, Leia and Chewie to Kashyyyk for Life Day.[57]
- Wookiee World (1985) is issue No. 91 of Marvel Comics' Star Wars run. It featured Chewie's family in another adventure on Kashyyyk.[58]
- Tyrant's Test (1996, ISBN9780553572759) is the third and final book of Michael P. Kube-McDowell's 'Black Fleet Crisis' trilogy. It featured Lumpy and his rites of passage.
- Rebel Dawn (1997, ISBN9780553574173) is the third book in A. C. Crispin's 'Han Solo trilogy'. It dealt with Solo's early years and his early relation with Chewbacca and his family. Malla and Chewie's marriage is shown in the third book.
- The Star Wars Cookbook: Wookiee Cookiees and Other Galactic Recipes (1998, ISBN9780811895118) gives an official recipe for 'Wookiee cookiees', a different name for 'Wookiee-ookiees' from the special.
- Agents of Chaos I: Hero's Trial (2000, ISBN9780345428608) is a novel in The New Jedi Order series, in which Malla and Itchy make appearances.
- Chewbacca (2000) is a four-issue comic book series by Darko Macan, which featured Itchy and Malla recalling stories of Chewbacca's history.[59]
- Galactic Battlegrounds (2001) is a LucasArts game which explored Itchy's past. As seen in the game, he is a great warrior in his younger days, fighting many battles.[60]
- The Unifying Force (2003, ISBN9780345428523) is the final book of the New Jedi Order series. It features Lumpy, who takes up Chewbacca's life debt to Han.
- Star Wars: Galaxies (2003) was a popular MMORPG that allowed the player to visit and explore Kashyyyk. While there, the player can explore the customs of Life Day, as there are several Wookiees dressed in red robes, as in the special. Lumpy's stuffed bantha from the special can also be seen in the game. The official site for Star Wars: Galaxies even had a webpage dedicated to explaining these features in the game and the customs of Life Day.[61]
- A Forest Apart (2003) is an e-book by Troy Denning, also released in print as a supplement to his book Tatooine Ghost. A Forest Apart focuses on the exploits of Lumpy, after Malla allows him to go to Coruscant with Chewbacca.[62]
- The Visual Dictionary of Star Wars, Episode III (2005, ISBN9780756611286) explains that the gunner of one of the Oevvaor jet catamarans in the film was Itchy.
- Star Wars: Complete Locations (2005, ISBN9781465452726) mentions that while Luke, Obi-Wan and the droids are in the cantina in Star Wars, Ackmena is in a nearby room negotiating for a raise in her pay.
- HoloNet News (2005) featured an issue about Chef Gormaanda. Featuring a new recipe, it was explained that she had won a cooking award.[63]
- Zen Pinball 2 (2012) featured a Star Wars table.[64] Upon losing, Boba Fett says 'we'll meet again, friends' to the player, which is a direct quote from his character in the Holiday Special.
- The upcoming Star Wars series The Mandalorian (2019) features a gunfighter who uses a weapon very similar to the one used by Fett in the special.[65]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Footnotes
- ^The article mistakenly lists Fett as appearing in Ewoks, when he actually appears in Droids.[22]
- ^Previously, a Lucasfilm-licensed magazine inaccurately listed Fett's voice as being provided by Gabriel Dell and George Buza in The Empire Strikes Back and Droids, respectively,[23] causing some to speculate that the information was intended for the Holiday Special.[24]
Citations
- ^ abcdBerman, John; Ted Gerstein (December 20, 2007). 'Holiday Specials Gone Bad; The 'Star Wars Holiday Special' Flop Lives On'. ABC News. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
- ^ abDavid Hofstede (2004). What Were They Thinking? The 100 Dumbest Events in Television History. Back Stage Books. pp. 204–206. ISBN0-8230-8441-8.
- ^ abcdeRoy, Jessica (November 17, 2018). ''The Star Wars Holiday Special' aired only once. 40 years later, it's still weird'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
- ^McKairnes, Jim (November 19, 2018). 'Remembering that infamously bad 'Star Wars' holiday special, 40 years later'. USA Today. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
- ^Cavanaugh, Patrick (November 20, 2018). ''Star Wars Holiday Special' Wookiee Mask Gets Impressive Restoration'. comicbook.com. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^Ehrhardt, Eleanor (1979). Star Wars: The Wookiee Storybook. Random House. ISBN0-394-94256-6.
- ^Cavanaugh, Patrick (September 17, 2018). ''Solo: A Star Wars Story' Bonus Features Confirm Connection to 'Star Wars Holiday Special''. comicbook.com. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^Agar, Chris (February 21, 2017). 'Star Wars: Empire's End Confirms Chewbacca Is a Father In New Canon'. Screen Rant. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^Steranko, 'George Lucas', Prevue #42, September–October 1980.
- ^ abcdDigiacomo, Frank (December 2008). 'The Han Solo Comedy Hour!'. Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
- ^Rossen, Jake (December 3, 2017). 'The Dark Side: An Oral History of The Star Wars Holiday Special'. Mental Floss. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^Bea Arthur sings in the Star Wars Holiday Special. YouTube. July 11, 2006.
- ^ abcPlesset, Ross (December 10, 2008). 'Tooning Out the 'Holiday Special': Nelvana Studios'. StarWars.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
- ^Conterio, Martyn (December 1, 2015). 'May the farce be with you: the Star Wars Holiday Special they want us to forget'. The Guardian. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
- ^Snyder, Jon Bradley (1995). 'A Star Wars CELibration'. Star Wars Insider (27): 63–65. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
- ^Taylor, Paul (June 11, 1979). 'Toronto's animation houses gain international reputation for expertise'. The Globe and Mail (Canada).
- ^Vilmur, Pete (August 18, 2008). 'Early Star Wars Animation Collectibles: The Star Wars Holiday Special, Droids and Ewoks'. StarWars.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
- ^Vilmur, Pete (October 19, 2006). 'Proto-Fett: The Birth of Boba'. Archived from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^Vilmur, Pete (October 19, 2006). 'Proto-Fett: The Birth of Boba page 2'. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^Seastrom, Lucas (November 15, 2018). 'The Star Wars Holiday Special and the Debut of Boba Fett'. StarWars.com. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
- ^Britt, Ryan (November 17, 2016). '38 Years Ago Today, Boba Fett Was Spotted for the First Time'. Inverse. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^Veekhoven, Tim (September 18, 2015). 'The Vintage Vault: Exploring Kenner's Droids and Ewoks Toys'. StarWars.com. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
- ^Bob Woods; Chip Lovitt; Steve Sansweet, eds. (April 1998). 'Multiple Actors'. Star Wars: Boba Fett. Brooklyn: Topps.
- ^'Gabriel Dell'. Fettpedia - Boba Fett Fan Club.
- ^Buck, Jerry (November 16, 1978). 'Star Wars.. 'Bubble Gum For The Brain''. Daily Record.
- ^Pasternack, Alex (December 24, 2014). 'The Star Wars Holiday Special Was the Worst Thing on Television'. Motherboard. Vice. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^Kirkwood, SKot (November 8, 2008). 'Interview with Patty Maloney, 'Lumpy''. The Star Wars Holiday Special. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
- ^Pasternack, Alex (December 25, 2010). 'In Praise of The Ominous Star Wars Holiday Special'. Motherboard. Vice. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^'Star Wars: Holiday Special (1978)'. Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
- ^Abel G. Pena and Enrique Guerrero. '20 Most Memorable Moments of the Expanded Universe'. Star Wars Insider. p. 47. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ^ abThomas, Bryan (December 17, 2015). ''The Star Wars Holiday Special': The colossally-awful variety show that George Lucas would rather you forget existed'. Night Flight. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ^Poll: Pick Your Holiday CheerArchived May 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine The Paley Center for Media
- ^Hicks, L. Wayne (n.d.). 'When the Force Was a Farce'. TVParty.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2005.
- ^Warren, Robert Burke (December 15, 2014). 'The Flaw in the Forces: The Star Wars Holiday Special'. TheWeeklings.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
- ^Burke, R. (September 10, 2005). 'The Greatest Story Ever Told: An Interview With George Lucas'. StaticMultimedia.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2005.
- ^'Making Episode II, Part 9: Bucket Head'. StarWars.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2005.
- ^'Star Wars: The Best of 2004 – 8 The Return of Chewbacca'. StarWars.com. December 22, 2004. Archived from the original on December 30, 2006.
- ^'Hyperspace: Kessel Run'. StarWars.com. November 19, 2003. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008.
- ^Clark, Mark. Star Wars FAQ: Everything Left to Know About the Trilogy That Changed the Movies. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 172. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
- ^Carr, David (January 10, 2010). 'Times Talks: Carrie Fisher'. The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ^Jackson, Matthew (November 19, 2018). 'Mark Hamill admits he's never sat through the entire Star Wars Holiday Special Mark Hamill admits he's never sat through the entire Star Wars Holiday Special'. SYFY WIRE. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
- ^'Holiday Special Multimedia'. The Star Wars Holiday Special. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
- ^'DVD review of The Star Wars Holiday Special'. Locus Online.
- ^RiffTrax (December 7, 2007). 'The Star Wars Holiday Special'. The Star Wars Holiday Special. RiffTrax. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
- ^Associated Press (November 17, 1978). 'Star Wars special reunites cast on planet of Kazzook'. Globe and Mail. Canada. p. 18.
- ^'Stjärnornas krig och fred'Archived September 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. 'Svensk Mediedatabas'Archived September 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^'Programação de TV'. Folha de São Paulo. Ilustrada: 24. December 25, 1981.
- ^'Nanarland - Star Wars Holiday Special - la chronique de Nanarland'.
- ^The Irish Times (Tuesday, December 25, 1979), page 15.
- ^Whitbrook, James (August 18, 2018). '9 Star Wars Toys That Were Canceled Before Anybody Could Buy Them'. io9. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^'Jefferson Starship - Light The Sky On Fire'. Paste Magazine. January 1, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^'Boba Fett (Animated Debut)'. Star Wars: The 30th Anniversary Collection Photo Archives. Rebelscum.com.
- ^Chee, Leland (October 12, 2006). 'Star Wars: Message Boards: Holocron continuity database questions'. StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
- ^Chee, Leland (October 4, 2006). 'Holocron continuity database question'. StarWars.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
- ^McNally, Victoria (August 3, 2015). 'J. J. Abrams answers several very important 'Force Awakens' questions'. MTV. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- ^Clark, Mark (2015). Star Wars FAQ: Everything Left to Know About the Trilogy That Changed the Movies. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. p. 172. ISBN978-1480360181.
- ^Miller, Gordon S. (May 26, 2017). 'Book Review: Star Wars: The Complete Classic Newspaper Comics, Vol. 1'. Cinema Sentries. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^'Star Wars (1977) #91'. www.marvel.com. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^'Star Wars: Chewbacca #1 (of 4)'. Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^'Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds - DataBank FAQ'. IGN. October 11, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
- ^'Wookiee Life Day'. Star Wars Galaxies. Archived from the original on October 20, 2005.
- ^'A Forest Apart: Star Wars Legends (Short Story) by Troy Denning'. Penguin Random House. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^'Life' sectionArchived November 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, HoloNet News Volume 531 No. 50 13:4:4.
- ^Killham, Evan (February 26, 2013). 'Star Wars Pinball: That wizard is not just a crazy old man (review)'. VentureBeat. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^'The Mandalorian: Directors, First Photo, Details & More Revealed for Jon Favreau's Star Wars TV Series'. TheForce.net. October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
Bibliography
- The Star Wars Holiday Special, original CBS airing, November 17, 1978. Steve Binder, George Lucas.
- Hofstede, David (2004). What Were They Thinking?: The 100 Dumbest Events In Television History. ISBN0-8230-8441-8.
- Sansweet, Stephen J. (June 30, 1998). The Star Wars Encyclopedia. Del Rey. ISBN0-345-40227-8.
- Empire of Dreams, 2004.
- Ultra Filmfax #69–70 – October 1998/Jan. 1999 (US) 'The Star Wars Holiday Special,' by Ross Plesset (presents black-and-white photos and a very detailed article on the SWHS, with interviews.)
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Star Wars Holiday Special |
- Star Wars Holiday Special unofficial website
- The Star Wars Holiday Special on IMDb
- The Star Wars Holiday Special at AllMovie
- Star Wars: Holiday Special at Rotten Tomatoes
- The Star Wars Holiday Special on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
- The Star Wars Holiday Special at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television
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